Buffering is the process of treating a paper or mat surface with an alkaline substance, typically calcium carbonate, to neutralize acids and create a more stable, acid-free and archival-quality product. Buffered papers and mats help protect artwork, photographs, and documents from acid-induced deterioration, yellowing, and brittleness over time.

The Buffering Process

Alkaline Treatment: An alkaline compound such as calcium carbonate is incorporated into the paper or applied to the surface to neutralize acids.
Neutralization: The buffering agent reacts with existing acids to stabilize the pH of the material, typically achieving a slightly alkaline pH (around 7.5-8.5).
Long-Term Stability: Buffered materials maintain their pH over time, protecting artwork from acid migration from environmental pollutants or adjacent materials.

Applications

Production of alkaline paper for archival printing and fine art reproduction.
Manufacture of buffered mats for framing photographs, certificates, and valuable artwork.
Conservation-grade storage materials, including folders, boxes, and backing boards.
Commercial and artistic papers that require long-term durability and resistance to yellowing.

Benefits of Buffering

Acid Neutralization: Protects paper and mat surfaces from deterioration caused by environmental acids.
Preservation: Extends the lifespan of artwork, photographs, and documents.
Archival Quality: Ensures materials meet conservation standards for long-term storage and display.
Compatibility: Buffered materials work well with other acid-free and lignin-free components in framing or storage systems.

Considerations

Not all papers or artworks are suitable for buffering; highly sensitive media (e.g., certain watercolor pigments) may require unbuffered, pH-neutral materials.
Buffering effectiveness depends on the amount and type of alkaline agent used and the long-term stability of the compound.
Always confirm that buffered papers or mats are compatible with alpha-cellulose and other archival materials.

Best Practices

Choose buffered mats or papers for artwork intended for long-term preservation, especially when exposure to acidic environments is likely.
Use buffering in combination with acid-free, lignin-free materials for optimal archival protection.
Store and display buffered materials in stable environmental conditions (moderate temperature and humidity).

Buffering