Definition: A micro environment refers to a small, enclosed space within a framed artwork or display where environmental factors such as moisture, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other contaminants can accumulate. This can occur when backing, glazing, mats, or sealing materials trap air and substances inside the frame.

Overview

Micro environments are significant in the conservation and framing of artwork because trapped conditions can accelerate deterioration. Factors such as humidity, temperature fluctuations, off-gassing from materials, and contaminants can impact the longevity and appearance of art.

Causes in Framing

Sealed Backing: Using airtight backing papers, foils, or adhesives can create a closed environment that traps moisture and gases.
Non-Breathable Glazing: Acrylic or glass sheets with airtight edges contribute to limited airflow inside the frame.
Material Off-Gassing: Certain framing components (adhesives, foam boards, or wood) release gases that become concentrated in the micro environment.
Environmental Fluctuations: Humidity or temperature changes in the room can exacerbate moisture build-up within the sealed frame.

Impact on Artwork

Moisture Damage: Can lead to warping, cockling, mold growth, or paper degradation.
Acid Migration: Materials that release acids in a trapped environment can cause yellowing or discoloration.
Adhesive Deterioration: Prolonged exposure to VOCs or high humidity can weaken adhesives, leading to lifting or separation of mats and artwork.

Prevention Strategies

Use acid-free and archival-quality materials for mats, backing, and adhesives.
Include ventilation pads or small spacers to allow airflow when appropriate.
Ensure proper sealing methods that minimize trapped moisture but do not completely hermetically seal the frame unless necessary for specialized conservation.
Control ambient room conditions such as humidity, temperature, and light exposure.

Micro Environment