True Gesso

True Gesso

Definition

True Gesso is a traditional painting primer composed of animal glue, chalk (or gypsum), and pigment, applied to rigid surfaces such as wood panels. Unlike modern acrylic gesso, true gesso creates a hard, absorbent surface suitable for tempera, oil, and egg-based paints, and is commonly used in classical painting techniques and conservation framing.

Characteristics

• Provides a rigid, smooth, and absorbent surface for painting.
• Made from natural ingredients: animal glue, chalk or gypsum, and pigment.
• Requires sealing with a sizing layer, often rabbit skin glue, to prevent moisture absorption.
• Non-flexible and therefore best suited for rigid panels rather than canvas.

Applications in Framing and Art

• Used on wood panels or prepared boards for oil, tempera, and egg-based painting.
• Preferred in restoration and conservation practices for historical artworks.
• Ensures archival quality by providing a stable painting ground that minimizes cracking and degradation.

Best Practices

• Apply in multiple thin layers, sanding lightly between coats for a smooth finish.
• Use in conjunction with a proper sized substrate to prevent warping or cracking.
• Keep the prepared panels away from humidity and rapid temperature changes.

Related Terms

• Gesso
• Acrylic Gesso
• Oil Primer
• Priming