Indentation

Indentation

Definition: A physical impression or depression in paper, board, or similar substrates. Indentations are often caused by mishandling, pressure during storage or transportation, or improper mounting and framing techniques. Even minor indentations can diminish the visual presentation of artwork and, in some cases, reduce its long-term value.

Causes of Indentations

• Mishandling: Dropping objects onto paper or pressing down with a hard tool during handling.
• Poor Mounting: Excessive pressure from adhesives, clips, or mechanical fasteners during mounting.
• Improper Storage: Stacking artwork without protective layers or subjecting it to uneven weight distribution.
• Environmental Factors: High humidity or accidental contact with sharp objects can exacerbate paper weakness and create impressions.

Conservation and Restoration

• Surface Flattening: Professional conservators may use controlled humidity chambers to relax paper fibers and reduce shallow indentations.
• Backing Support: Mounting artwork on archival board or foam core can help prevent new indentations from forming.
• Avoidance of Pressure: Frames and mats should never press directly on the artwork surface, as this can create lasting impressions.

Prevention

• Handle artwork only by the edges and always with clean hands or cotton gloves.
• Use interleaving materials such as glassine or Mylar for storage.
• Avoid stacking heavy items on top of artwork or mats.
• When framing, ensure a proper spacer or mat is used to separate glazing from the artwork surface.

Impact on Value

• Fine Art: Even subtle indentations can significantly affect the market value of prints, drawings, or photographs.
• Decorative Art: While less impactful in mass-produced works, indentations can still detract from presentation quality.
• Archival Concerns: Indentations may worsen over time if not addressed, particularly in delicate or brittle papers.

Related Terms

• Dent
• Crease
• Crack
• Tear