Definition: Molding refers to the material-commonly wood, metal, plastic, or composite-used to construct the outer frame of a picture. Molding is cut, joined, and finished in various profiles, widths, and styles to complement artwork and interior design.

Overview

The molding is the structural and aesthetic foundation of a frame. It defines the visual style, durability, and overall presentation of the framed piece. Moldings may be simple and utilitarian or ornate and decorative, with finishes ranging from natural wood tones to painted, gilded, or laminated surfaces. The selection of molding impacts not only the appearance but also the longevity and stability of the frame.

Common Materials

Wood: The most traditional material, available in hardwoods (oak, maple, walnut) or softwoods (pine, poplar). Can be carved, stained, painted, or gilded.
Metal: Typically extruded aluminum, offering sleek, modern profiles. Often anodized or painted in various colors.
Plastic/Composite: Lightweight, cost-effective, and available in a wide variety of finishes. Often simulates wood grain.
Engineered Products: MDF (medium density fiberboard) and other composites, frequently veneered or laminated to imitate natural wood.

Profiles and Styles

Flat: Simple rectangular profile.
Scoop: Curves inward toward the art.
Ridge or Beaded: Decorative ridges or beading.
Contemporary: Clean lines with minimal ornamentation.
Traditional/Ornate: Carved, gilded, or patterned profiles.

Widths and Applications

Narrow Moldings: Often used for small works, photographs, or minimalist presentations.
Wide Moldings: Provide visual weight, commonly used for large artworks or pieces requiring dramatic impact.
Floater Frame Moldings: L-shaped profiles designed for canvas artworks, leaving a visible gap between canvas and frame.

Best Practices

Select molding proportionate to the artwork size and mat width.
Consider conservation framing: avoid moldings that emit acids or VOCs in archival applications.
Use precise joinery techniques (miter, spline, biscuit, or V-nail) to ensure long-term stability.
Choose finishes that complement both the artwork and the surrounding d�cor.

Tools and Joinery

Miter Saw: For accurate angle cuts.
V-Nailer/Underpinner: Joins molding corners with V-shaped nails.
Biscuit Joiner: Reinforces corner strength with wooden biscuits.
Glue/Clamps: Used for assembly and reinforcement.

Molding