Definition: Oil gilded refers to a type of gilding in which metal leaf (commonly gold, silver, or imitation metals) is adhered to a surface using an oil-based size adhesive. This method provides quick adhesion and durable results, and is generally faster and less labor-intensive than traditional water gilding, which requires a bole (clay) base and multiple preparatory steps.

Overview

Oil gilding is often used in picture framing, furniture finishing, and decorative arts when a metallic finish is desired but the time or resources for water gilding are unavailable. Unlike water gilding, which allows for burnishing to a mirror-like shine, oil gilding produces a matte or slightly satin finish, depending on the leaf and surface preparation.

Process

Surface Preparation: The surface is cleaned, primed, and smoothed. A base color (often red, yellow, or black) may be applied to influence the final tone of the gilding.
Application of Oil Size: A slow- or fast-drying oil-based adhesive is brushed onto the surface. The tack time (when the surface is sticky but not wet) is critical.
Applying the Leaf: Gold or other metal leaf is laid over the tacky size and gently pressed into place.
Finishing: Excess leaf is brushed away, and the surface can be sealed or left natural depending on the desired effect.

Advantages

Quicker and less complicated than water gilding.
Durable and suitable for surfaces that will not be burnished.
Compatible with a wide range of substrates, including wood, plaster, and metal.
Good for outdoor or architectural applications when sealed properly.

Limitations

Does not allow burnishing to a high-gloss finish (remains matte or satin).
Less traditional and therefore considered less "fine" than water gilding in conservation framing.
Oil-based size requires precise timing-too early or too late can cause adhesion issues.

Applications in Framing

In picture framing, oil gilding is commonly used for decorative finishes on mouldings, especially in mass production where speed and consistency are valued. It provides the appearance of gold or metallic leaf without the time-intensive preparation of water gilding. It is frequently used on frames where a traditional but durable metallic look is desired.

Comparison to Water Gilding

Oil Gilding: Matte/satin finish, faster process, less labor-intensive, durable but not burnishable.
Water Gilding: Glossy, burnishable finish; traditional method requiring bole and extensive preparation.

Oil Gilded